Vomiting in a child - the main causes and treatment

Vomiting is an arbitrary eruption of the contained stomach. The process goes through the mouth opening. Due to the fact that the upper abdomen is relaxed, and there are cramps in the lower abdomen, there is a rapid contraction of the muscles of the diaphragm and stomach. Subsequently, undigested food escapes through the esophagus. With this process, there is: pain in the throat, increased acidity of the oral cavity and an unpleasant odor. The manifestation of this ailment may depend on many factors. Vomiting can occur in any year of a child's life. If the products are not digested and leave the body, parents need to know a plan to combat vomiting.

Causes of Vomiting

In infants and newborns, an arbitrary eruption of food is noticeable during the formation of digestion or teething, and in older children it occurs due to the fact that the body wants to deal with an irritant that comes from the environment.

First of all, this ailment is possible due to nutrition. The main causes of vomiting are expired foods, overeating, or a huge amount of fat, which are part of the food eaten on the eve. Often possible poisoning with drugs. And sometimes an untidy look of food can provoke a gag reflex.

Vomiting can inform parents of serious illnesses that affect the body. In some cases, the baby develops gastritis, dysbiosis, salmonellosis. If during attacks of food eruption the temperature rises above 38 degrees - most likely, these are messengers of intestinal flu or oral infection. Arbitrary cleansing of the stomach is possible with craniocerebral diseases, for example, with migraine, meningitis or concussion.

Vomiting can also cause fever, so it is important to understand the cause of its origin. It can come under the influence of external factors, such as sunstroke, motion sickness in a vehicle, stress, stuffy room with insufficient humidity.

Only in rare cases, vomiting is not accompanied by anything. Basically, it comes with any factors. It is with their help that you can understand what is the cause.

Vomiting without raising body temperature

Vomiting with fever

With an increase in temperature in a child accompanied by vomiting, one should think about an infectious disease of the body. This poses a great threat to the baby's health. In this situation, only a specialist is able to give a correct assessment. You need to call a doctor as early as possible so that complications do not appear. The doctor is able to prescribe a course of treatment, often it can be stationary. It is important to trace what appeared first. Temperature can cause vomiting.If they appeared simultaneously - these are signs of intestinal infection. An accurate diagnosis can only be called a medical professional.

The color of the vomit can tell about the source of its occurrence:

1. Yellow - occurs when the child has been poisoned by food. Possible appendicitis or intestinal infection.
2. Red - occurs as a result of damage to the esophagus or mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract. It can manifest itself with gastric bleeding.
3. With nervous excitability and stress, a green tint is noticeable.
4. Black indicates the consumption of chemical drugs.

What is the first thing to do?

If vomiting occurs once, then you do not need to give special attention to this. Most likely, the body was influenced by the environment or reacted to poor-quality products. However, if this process appears several times a day, the help of doctors is needed. The main reasons are:

• The temperature is above normal.
• Pain in the abdominal cavity, accompanied by liquid feces.
• Feeling sick, lethargic, loss of consciousness.
• Vomiting that occurs regularly throughout the day.

First aid is provided to the child before the ambulance arrives. This will help improve his condition and not aggravate the situation.

1. The baby is laid in bed, turning his head to the side. With new eruptions of food, lay a towel or napkin under it.
2. The hands of the child should always be in a horizontal position.
3. Under no circumstances should one give food; it can become an aggressor.
4. Medication for lowering temperature (e.g., paracetamol) should be given only at 38 degrees or higher.
5. If vomiting arrives again, put the patient and tilt his body forward. So undigested food will not get back into the stomach and lungs.
6. Rinse your mouth with water. It should not be hot so as not to irritate the mucous membrane.
7. When soiling clothes, you need to change clothes.
8. You need to talk with the child, you can not scare him with the state in which he is. It is necessary to explain to him that soon everything will pass, you just need to be treated.
9. After each eruption of the contents of the stomach, it is allowed to take two to three sips of clean water. Also a good tool would be breeding smecty.
10. Under no circumstances should potassium permanganate or alcohol be used.
11. With heavy diarrhea, it is recommended to change underwear every time. Traces of infection may remain in it.
12. In your free time you need to collect things and documents of the parent and the child. This may be necessary in case of hospitalization.

In some cases, the vomiting process is not accompanied by anything. Parents in this situation do not know what actions to take. If the process is repeated, you must call the hospital. There, the child will undergo a number of medical diagnostic procedures. No need to be afraid to call doctors! Unqualified help can result in serious consequences for the baby.

Diagnostic procedures

Basically, the cause of vomiting in a child becomes known due to concomitant factors (diarrhea, abdominal pain, etc.). With missing symptoms, a thorough examination is carried out in the hospital. Upon arrival, the parent must clearly report on when vomiting was first observed, whether its occurrence is a single occurrence, or is it repeated many times, is it related to meals, has the child recently suffered any illnesses, were there any changes in his weight and condition.

First, doctors measure the temperature of the patient, then examine the child’s body for a rash. It is necessary to check the pulse, pressure and breathing state. With the help of ultrasound, they learn about the size of the organs of the gastrointestinal tract. This is necessary to determine if the problem with the stomach is the main one. The doctor can take the oral mass for examination to find impurities in it.

Upon admission to the hospital, a general blood test and urine are taken from the child. Also, in addition to abdominal ultrasound, the head region can be examined. If the situation is critical, FGDS is done (an extremely unpleasant procedure for the child). Also, the study method is an x-ray of the abdominal cavity. Often, the doctor sends the baby with parents for additional examinations to narrow specialists. This happens when the doctor sees certain problems with the body, but without the confirmation of other doctors, he cannot make an accurate diagnosis based on his assumptions.

Treating a child

Treatment occurs in two directions. In the first case, the gag reflex is reduced by the use of temporary drugs. In the second direction, the main disease that caused vomiting is already being treated. The doctor prescribes certain medications, gives recommendations for the treatment of the child.

The following medications are prescribed:

1. Saline solutions, smecta, Tserukal.
2. Bryony and Aetuzu can be prescribed for homeopathy.
3. For prevention of the abdominal cavity: Hilak forte, Mezim. For very young children you can buy Bifiform.
4. Activated carbon is used for intoxication of the body.
5. Remedies for diarrhea are: Calcium carbonate, Diarol, Imodium.

The intake of drugs should be agreed with a specialist. Children under one year of age should be given medications in the form of suspensions or suppositories.

The stomach should be washed in case of poisoning. If a tumor is noticeable, surgical intervention by a surgeon is necessary.

Allowed Products

It is necessary to exclude foods with a lot of fat. Food should be filled with vitamins. Carbohydrate intake also needs to be reduced. Because of them, intestinal fermentation can occur. The most versatile dishes are rice and buckwheat cereals in milk. Such food should be pasteurized, diluted with water. For babies up to one year old, breast milk is the main product.

Strictly prohibit the intake of the following products:

• Chips, Kirieshki, Rolton or Doshirak.
• Soda and lemonade.
• Fried foods.
• Dairy products.
• Mushrooms.
• Soups on beef or mushroom broth.

Compliance with the diet contributes to the speedy recovery of the baby.

What can happen if no action is taken?

With the timely provision of medical services, the child will recover. However, if you do not take anything for a long time, severe complications are possible. Vomiting promotes dehydration. With frequent attacks, damage to the mucous membrane of the stomach and pharynx of the baby occurs. If vomit passes into the trachea, aspiration pneumonia occurs. After frequent attacks, problems with the teeth are noticeable, as the outgoing gastric juice corrodes the enamel.

Thus, at the first manifestation of vomiting, parents should already be alert and take control of the situation. Be sure to monitor whether bouts will recur. And, if that happens, one need not be afraid to call an ambulance. Child health may be at risk.

Video: what to do if a child has vomiting?